:root {
    --paper: #f6f6f4;
    --paper-2: #e9e9e6;
    --ink: #111111;
    --ink-soft: #333333;
    --ink-fade: #666666;
    --rule: #111111;
    --accent: #111111;
    --accent-2: #3d3d3d;
    --highlight: #d9d9d5;
    --serif: 'Fraunces', 'Times New Roman', serif;
    --mono: 'JetBrains Mono', 'Courier New', monospace;
    --blackletter: 'UnifrakturMaguntia', 'Old English Text MT', 'Engravers Old English', serif;
  }

  * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
  html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

  body {
    background: var(--paper);
    color: var(--ink);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.5;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    background-image:
      radial-gradient(ellipse at top left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.025), transparent 50%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse at bottom right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.025), transparent 50%);
  }

  body::before {
    content: '';
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 1;
    opacity: 0.6;
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 200 200' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.9' numOctaves='2' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0.18 0'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  }

  .container {
    max-width: 1280px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 48px;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
  }

  /* ============ TOP BAR ============ */
  .topbar {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    background: var(--paper);
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 100;
  }
  .topbar-inner {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 14px 0;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  .topbar-left { display: flex; gap: 28px; align-items: center; }
  .topbar-cat {
    background: var(--ink);
    color: var(--paper);
    padding: 3px 8px;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  }
  .topbar-right { display: flex; gap: 28px; }
  .topbar-right a {
    color: var(--ink);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.2s;
  }
  .topbar-right a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

  /* Big News button — persistent reopener */
  .topbar-right a.topbar-news {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: var(--paper);
    padding: 4px 10px 4px 8px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 7px;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    border: 1px solid var(--accent);
    transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s, transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
    opacity: 0;
    animation: news-btn-fade-in 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1) 0.4s forwards;
  }
  @keyframes news-btn-fade-in {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-4px); }
    to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
  }
  .topbar-right a.topbar-news:hover {
    background: var(--paper);
    color: var(--accent);
    transform: translate(-1px, -1px);
    box-shadow: 2px 2px 0 var(--ink);
  }
  .topbar-news-dot {
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    background: var(--paper);
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: inline-block;
    animation: news-pulse 1.6s ease-in-out infinite;
  }
  .topbar-right a.topbar-news:hover .topbar-news-dot {
    background: var(--accent);
  }
  @keyframes news-pulse {
    0%, 100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); }
    50% { opacity: 0.45; transform: scale(0.7); }
  }

  /* ============ MASTHEAD ============ */
  .masthead {
    border-bottom: 4px double var(--rule);
    padding: 32px 0 28px;
  }
  .masthead-meta {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    padding-bottom: 14px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
  }
  .masthead h1 {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-weight: 500;
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: clamp(64px, 13vw, 200px);
    line-height: 0.86;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 24px 0 8px;
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .masthead h1 .amp {
    color: var(--accent);
    font-weight: 400;
    font-style: italic;
  }
  .masthead-tagline {
    text-align: center;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.3em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding-top: 10px;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }
  .masthead-tagline span { color: var(--accent); }

  /* ============ LEDE ============ */
  .lede {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 2fr 1fr;
    gap: 56px;
    padding: 60px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    align-items: start;
  }

  .lede-meta {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    line-height: 1.7;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }
  .lede-meta dt {
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    font-size: 9.5px;
    margin-top: 14px;
  }
  .lede-meta dt:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
  .lede-meta dd { color: var(--ink); padding: 2px 0 8px; border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade); margin-bottom: 4px; word-break: break-word; }
  .lede-meta a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; transition: border-color 0.2s; }
  .lede-meta a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }

  .lede-body {
    font-size: 22px;
    line-height: 1.45;
    font-weight: 400;
  }
  .lede-body .dropcap {
    float: left;
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 96px;
    line-height: 0.85;
    padding: 8px 12px 0 0;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .lede-body p + p { margin-top: 18px; }
  .lede-body em { color: var(--accent-2); }
  .lede-body .underline-soft {
    background-image: linear-gradient(transparent 65%, var(--highlight) 65%);
    padding: 0 2px;
  }

  .lede-stamp {
    border: 1.5px solid var(--ink);
    padding: 18px;
    transform: rotate(2deg);
    background: var(--paper-2);
    box-shadow: 4px 4px 0 var(--ink);
  }
  .lede-stamp-tag {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 9px;
    letter-spacing: 0.3em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink-fade);
    padding-bottom: 6px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }
  .lede-stamp-num {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 56px;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 0.9;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-style: italic;
  }
  .lede-stamp-label {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-top: 6px;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }

  /* ============ SECTION HEADERS ============ */
  .section-head {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
    gap: 24px;
    align-items: baseline;
    padding: 56px 0 24px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    margin-bottom: 40px;
  }
  .section-num {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
  }
  .section-title {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 48px;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .section-meta {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    text-align: right;
  }

  /* ============ WORKS / PROJECTS ============ */
  .works {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
  }
  .work {
    padding: 36px 32px;
    border-right: 1px solid var(--ink);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.3s ease;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .work:nth-child(2n) { border-right: none; }
  .work.full-span {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    border-right: none;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr;
    gap: 40px;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 48px 40px;
  }
  .work.full-span .work-visual {
    height: 320px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1 / span 5;
  }
  .work.full-span .work-tag,
  .work.full-span .work-title,
  .work.full-span .work-desc,
  .work.full-span .work-meta {
    grid-column: 1;
  }
  .work.full-span .work-title { font-size: 56px; }
  .work.full-span .work-desc { font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; }
  .work:hover { background: var(--paper-2); }
  .work::after {
    content: '→';
    position: absolute;
    top: 32px;
    right: 32px;
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 28px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  }
  .work:hover::after { transform: translate(6px, -6px); }

  .work-tag {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    margin-bottom: 18px;
  }
  .work-tag .dot {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    background: var(--accent);
    border-radius: 50%;
    margin: 0 8px 1px 0;
    vertical-align: middle;
  }
  .work-visual {
    height: 220px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    background: var(--paper);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .work-title {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 36px;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.05;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .work-title em {
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--accent);
  }
  .work-desc {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    max-width: 92%;
  }
  .work-meta {
    display: flex;
    gap: 18px;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    padding-top: 14px;
    border-top: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .viz-svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: block; }

  /* ============ EXPERIENCE ============ */
  .experience {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
  }
  .exp-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 220px;
    gap: 40px;
    padding: 36px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
    align-items: start;
  }
  .exp-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
  .exp-when {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10.5px;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    line-height: 1.7;
  }
  .exp-when strong {
    display: block;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
  }
  .exp-main h3 {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 30px;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
    line-height: 1.15;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .exp-main h3 em {
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--accent);
  }
  .exp-org {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 17px;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    margin-bottom: 18px;
  }
  .exp-bullets {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .exp-bullets li {
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    padding: 8px 0 8px 22px;
    position: relative;
    border-top: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade);
  }
  .exp-bullets li:first-child { border-top: none; }
  .exp-bullets li::before {
    content: '§';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 8px;
    font-family: var(--serif);
    color: var(--accent);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 16px;
  }
  .exp-bullets li strong {
    color: var(--accent-2);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: italic;
  }
  .exp-tags {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 6px;
    align-items: flex-end;
  }
  .exp-tag {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 9.5px;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 4px 9px;
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    color: var(--ink);
  }
  .exp-tag.filled {
    background: var(--ink);
    color: var(--paper);
  }
  .exp-tag.accent {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: var(--paper);
    border-color: var(--accent);
  }

  /* ============ TICKER ============ */
  .ticker {
    background: var(--ink);
    color: var(--paper);
    padding: 16px 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
    margin: 56px 0 0;
  }
  .ticker-track {
    display: flex;
    gap: 40px;
    white-space: nowrap;
    animation: scroll-x 50s linear infinite;
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 26px;
    font-weight: 400;
  }
  .ticker-track span { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 40px; }
  .ticker-track .star { color: var(--accent); font-style: normal; }

  @keyframes scroll-x {
    from { transform: translateX(0); }
    to { transform: translateX(-50%); }
  }

  /* ============ ABOUT / CV ============ */
  .about-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.4fr;
    gap: 80px;
    padding-bottom: 56px;
  }
  .about-portrait {
    position: sticky;
    top: 80px;
    align-self: start;
  }
  .portrait-frame {
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    padding: 12px;
    background: var(--paper-2);
  }
  .portrait-img {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 3/4;
    background: var(--paper);
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .portrait-caption {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 12px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-fade);
  }

  .about-prose h3 {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 22px;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin: 24px 0 14px;
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .about-prose h3:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
  .about-prose p {
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }
  .about-prose .pullquote {
    border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
    padding: 6px 0 6px 20px;
    margin: 24px 0;
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 22px;
    color: var(--ink);
    line-height: 1.4;
  }

  /* Letters to the Editor / testimonial */
  .letter-wrap {
    max-width: 720px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 8px 0 4px;
  }
  .letter-mark {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 54px;
    line-height: 0.6;
    color: var(--accent);
    opacity: 0.55;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
  }
  .letter-quote {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 24px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--ink);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
    padding: 4px 0 4px 24px;
    margin: 0 0 20px;
  }
  .letter-byline {
    padding-left: 27px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink-fade);
    padding-top: 14px;
    margin-top: 8px;
  }
  .letter-name {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 16px;
    color: var(--ink);
  }
  .letter-role {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    margin-top: 3px;
  }

  /* CV / Education */
  .cv {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
    margin-top: 24px;
  }
  .cv-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 130px 1fr auto;
    gap: 24px;
    padding: 16px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade);
    align-items: baseline;
  }
  .cv-year {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  }
  .cv-title {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  .cv-title em { font-style: italic; color: var(--accent-2); font-weight: 400; }
  .cv-tag {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 9.5px;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--paper);
    background: var(--ink);
    padding: 3px 8px;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  /* ============ TOOLBOX ============ */
  .toolbox-wrap {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 48px;
    margin-bottom: 80px;
  }
  .toolbox-col h4 {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.25em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    padding-bottom: 12px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }
  .toolbox-col h4 span { color: var(--accent); }
  .tool-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
  }
  .tool-chip {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 16px;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    background: var(--paper);
    transition: all 0.2s;
  }
  .tool-chip:hover {
    background: var(--ink);
    color: var(--paper);
    transform: translate(-2px, -2px);
    box-shadow: 3px 3px 0 var(--accent);
  }
  .tool-chip em { font-style: italic; color: var(--accent); }

  /* Skills demonstrated block inside project modals — mirrors Toolbox styling */
  .skills-block {
    margin-top: 28px;
    padding-top: 20px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
  }
  .skills-block h4 {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.25em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }
  .skills-block h4 span { color: var(--accent); }

  /* ============ RESUME ============ */
  .resume-wrap {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 320px;
    gap: 48px;
    margin-bottom: 80px;
    align-items: start;
  }
  .resume-frame {
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    background: var(--paper-2);
    padding: 14px;
    position: relative;
  }
  .resume-frame::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: -1px;
    box-shadow: 8px 8px 0 var(--accent);
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: -1;
  }
  .resume-embed {
    width: 100%;
    height: 880px;
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    background: var(--paper);
    display: block;
  }
  .resume-fallback {
    display: none;
    padding: 60px 32px;
    text-align: center;
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    font-size: 18px;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  .resume-aside {
    position: sticky;
    top: 80px;
  }
  .resume-aside h4 {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.25em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    padding-bottom: 12px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }
  .resume-aside h4 span { color: var(--accent); }
  .resume-aside p {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
  }
  .resume-aside p em { color: var(--accent); font-style: italic; }

  .resume-actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
  }
  .resume-btn {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 14px 18px;
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    background: var(--paper);
    color: var(--ink);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    transition: all 0.2s;
  }
  .resume-btn:hover {
    background: var(--ink);
    color: var(--paper);
    transform: translate(-2px, -2px);
    box-shadow: 4px 4px 0 var(--accent);
  }
  .resume-btn.primary {
    background: var(--ink);
    color: var(--paper);
  }
  .resume-btn.primary:hover {
    background: var(--accent);
    border-color: var(--accent);
  }
  .resume-btn .arrow {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 18px;
    font-style: italic;
    letter-spacing: 0;
    text-transform: none;
  }

  .resume-stats {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
    padding-top: 16px;
  }
  .resume-stat {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 6px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade);
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  .resume-stat:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
  .resume-stat-label { color: var(--ink-fade); }
  .resume-stat-value { color: var(--ink); }


  .contact {
    background: var(--ink);
    color: var(--paper);
    padding: 100px 0 48px;
    margin-top: 56px;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .contact::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background-image:
      radial-gradient(circle at 20% 30%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06), transparent 40%),
      radial-gradient(circle at 80% 70%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04), transparent 40%);
  }
  .contact-inner { position: relative; }
  .contact-pretitle {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.3em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }
  .contact-title {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-size: clamp(56px, 9vw, 140px);
    line-height: 0.9;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    margin-bottom: 48px;
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .contact-title a {
    color: var(--paper);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent);
    transition: color 0.2s;
  }
  .contact-title a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

  .contact-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 32px;
    padding: 40px 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--paper);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--paper);
  }
  .contact-col-label {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    margin-bottom: 12px;
  }
  .contact-col-value {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 18px;
    font-style: italic;
    word-break: break-word;
  }
  .contact-col-value a {
    color: var(--paper);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
    transition: border-color 0.2s;
  }
  .contact-col-value a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }

  .colophon {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding-top: 32px;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
  }

  /* ============ PROJECT MODAL ============ */
  .modal-overlay {
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    background: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.78);
    backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
    z-index: 1000;
    display: none;
    align-items: flex-start;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 40px 20px;
    overflow-y: auto;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
  }
  .modal-overlay.open {
    display: flex;
    opacity: 1;
  }
  .modal {
    background: var(--paper);
    max-width: 1100px;
    width: 100%;
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    box-shadow: 12px 12px 0 var(--accent);
    position: relative;
    transform: translateY(30px);
    transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
    margin: 20px 0;
  }
  .modal-overlay.open .modal { transform: translateY(0); }

  .modal-close {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    margin-left: auto;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    background: var(--ink);
    color: var(--paper);
    border: none;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 14px 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    z-index: 5;
    transition: background 0.2s;
  }
  .modal-close:hover { background: var(--accent); }
  .modal-close-x {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 18px;
    line-height: 1;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  .modal-inner { padding: 16px 56px 56px; }

  .modal-meta {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    padding-bottom: 14px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
  }
  .modal-meta strong { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 500; }

  .modal-title {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-weight: 500;
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: clamp(40px, 6vw, 72px);
    line-height: 0.95;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .modal-title em { color: var(--accent); }

  .modal-deck {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 22px;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
    padding-bottom: 28px;
    margin-bottom: 36px;
  }

  .modal-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;
    gap: 48px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
  }
  .modal-side {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    line-height: 1.7;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }
  .modal-side dt {
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    font-size: 9.5px;
    margin-top: 14px;
  }
  .modal-side dt:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
  .modal-side dd {
    color: var(--ink);
    padding: 2px 0 8px;
    border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade);
    margin-bottom: 4px;
  }

  .modal-prose p {
    font-size: 18px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }
  .modal-prose p:first-child::first-letter {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 64px;
    line-height: 0.85;
    float: left;
    padding: 6px 10px 0 0;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .modal-prose strong { color: var(--accent-2); font-style: italic; font-weight: 500; }

  .modal-figure {
    margin: 40px 0 16px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
    padding-top: 28px;
  }
  .modal-figure-label {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.25em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }
  .modal-figure-label strong { color: var(--accent); }
  .modal-figure img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    background: var(--paper-2);
  }
  .modal-figure-video {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    background: var(--ink);
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    padding: 24px;
  }
  .modal-figure-video video {
    max-height: 720px;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    background: #000;
    border-radius: 24px;
    box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
  }
  .modal-caption {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 12px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    border-top: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade);
  }

  body.modal-open { overflow: hidden; }

  /* ============ NEWS / ANNOUNCEMENT POPUP ============ */
  .news-overlay {
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    background: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.6);
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    z-index: 2000;
    display: none;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 24px;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.4s ease;
  }
  .news-overlay.open { display: flex; opacity: 1; }

  .news-card {
    background: var(--paper);
    max-width: 640px;
    width: 100%;
    max-height: 92vh;
    overflow-y: auto;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--ink);
    box-shadow: 14px 14px 0 var(--accent);
    position: relative;
    transform: rotate(-1deg) scale(0.92);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.9, 0.2, 1.1), opacity 0.4s ease;
  }
  .news-overlay.open .news-card {
    transform: rotate(-0.6deg) scale(1);
    opacity: 1;
  }

  .news-close {
    position: absolute;
    top: 12px;
    right: 12px;
    background: var(--ink);
    color: var(--paper);
    border: none;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    z-index: 5;
    transition: background 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
    line-height: 1;
  }
  .news-close:hover {
    background: var(--accent);
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

  .news-banner {
    background: var(--ink);
    color: var(--paper);
    padding: 10px 24px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 9.5px;
    letter-spacing: 0.25em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  .news-banner-tag {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: var(--paper);
    padding: 3px 8px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  }
  .news-banner-date { color: var(--ink-fade); }

  .news-body { padding: 32px 36px 36px; }

  .news-eyebrow {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.3em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
  }
  .news-rule {
    display: block;
    width: 60px;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--accent);
    margin: 0 auto 18px;
  }

  .news-title {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: clamp(34px, 5.5vw, 48px);
    line-height: 1;
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 22px;
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .news-title em { color: var(--accent); }

  .news-logo-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 18px;
    padding: 18px 0 22px;
    margin: 0 auto 22px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
  }
  .news-logo-row img {
    width: 80px;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    border: 1px solid var(--paper-2);
    background: var(--paper);
    padding: 6px;
  }
  .news-logo-meta {
    text-align: left;
    line-height: 1.3;
  }
  .news-logo-meta .co-name {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--ink);
  }
  .news-logo-meta .co-desc {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    margin-top: 4px;
  }

  .news-deck {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 17.5px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    margin-bottom: 18px;
  }
  .news-deck strong {
    color: var(--accent-2);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: italic;
  }
  .news-deck em { color: var(--accent); }

  .news-role-card {
    background: var(--paper-2);
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    padding: 16px 18px 18px;
    margin: 18px 0;
    position: relative;
  }
  .news-role-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -1px;
    left: -1px;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    border-top: 3px solid var(--accent);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  }
  .news-role-card::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -1px;
    right: -1px;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--accent);
    border-right: 3px solid var(--accent);
  }
  .news-role-label {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.25em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    padding-bottom: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
  }
  .news-role-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
  }
  .news-role-list li {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    padding: 8px 0 8px 20px;
    position: relative;
    border-top: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade);
  }
  .news-role-list li:first-child { border-top: none; padding-top: 4px; }
  .news-role-list li:last-child { padding-bottom: 4px; }
  .news-role-list li::before {
    content: '§';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 8px;
    font-family: var(--serif);
    color: var(--accent);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 14px;
  }
  .news-role-list li:first-child::before { top: 4px; }
  .news-role-list strong {
    color: var(--accent-2);
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 600;
  }

  .news-byline {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 22px;
    padding-top: 16px;
    border-top: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade);
  }
  .news-byline strong { color: var(--ink); }

  /* Confetti-ish stamp */
  .news-stamp {
    position: absolute;
    top: -16px;
    left: -16px;
    background: var(--accent);
    color: var(--paper);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 14px;
    width: 86px;
    height: 86px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 1.05;
    transform: rotate(-12deg);
    border: 2px solid var(--paper);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 0 var(--ink);
    z-index: 4;
    padding: 8px;
  }

  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .news-body { padding: 24px 20px 28px; }
    .news-banner { padding: 8px 16px; font-size: 8.5px; }
    .news-logo-row { flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; text-align: center; }
    .news-logo-meta { text-align: center; }
    .news-stamp { width: 68px; height: 68px; font-size: 11px; top: -10px; left: -10px; }
    .news-title { font-size: 28px; }
  }

  /* Design thinking process within modal */
  .dtp {
    margin-top: 48px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
    padding-top: 32px;
  }
  .dtp-head {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
    gap: 18px;
    align-items: baseline;
    padding-bottom: 14px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }
  .dtp-num {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 28px;
    color: var(--accent);
    line-height: 1;
  }
  .dtp-title {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 32px;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .dtp-meta {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
  }
  .dtp-stage {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 80px 1fr;
    gap: 28px;
    padding: 24px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade);
    align-items: start;
  }
  .dtp-stage:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
  .dtp-stage-num {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 56px;
    line-height: 0.9;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .dtp-stage-label {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.3em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-fade);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
  }
  .dtp-stage-body p {
    font-size: 16.5px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }
  .dtp-stage-body p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
  .dtp-stage-body strong { color: var(--accent-2); font-style: italic; font-weight: 500; }
  .dtp-stage-body em { color: var(--accent); }

  .dtp-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 8px 0 14px;
  }
  .dtp-list li {
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    padding: 8px 0 8px 22px;
    position: relative;
    border-top: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade);
  }
  .dtp-list li:first-child { border-top: none; }
  .dtp-list li::before {
    content: '§';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 8px;
    font-family: var(--serif);
    color: var(--accent);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 14px;
  }
  .dtp-list.tight li {
    padding: 5px 0 5px 22px;
    font-size: 15px;
    border-top: none;
  }

  .dtp-cols {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 28px;
    margin: 16px 0;
    padding: 18px 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
  }
  .dtp-col-label {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }

  /* "click to expand" hint on hoverable cards */
  .work.expandable .work-tag::after {
    content: ' · click to expand';
    color: var(--accent);
    font-style: italic;
    text-transform: none;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  }


  @keyframes fadeUp {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(20px); }
    to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
  }
  .reveal { opacity: 0; }
  .reveal.in {
    animation: fadeUp 0.9s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1) forwards;
  }

  /* ============ RESPONSIVE ============ */
  @media (max-width: 900px) {
    .container { padding: 0 24px; }
    .lede { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; padding: 36px 0; }
    .lede-stamp { transform: rotate(0); align-self: start; max-width: 280px; }
    .works { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .work { border-right: none; }
    .work.full-span { grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding: 36px 32px; gap: 24px; }
    .work.full-span .work-visual { grid-column: 1; grid-row: auto; height: 240px; }
    .work.full-span .work-title { font-size: 36px; }
    .exp-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; }
    .exp-tags { flex-direction: row; align-items: flex-start; flex-wrap: wrap; }
    .about-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; }
    .about-portrait { position: relative; top: 0; max-width: 320px; }
    .toolbox-wrap { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
    .resume-wrap { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
    .resume-aside { position: relative; top: 0; }
    .resume-embed { height: 600px; }
    .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
    .section-title { font-size: 32px; }
    .topbar-right { gap: 0; }
    .topbar-right a:not(.topbar-news) { display: none; }
    .topbar-right a.topbar-news {
      font-size: 10px;
      padding: 3px 8px 3px 6px;
    }
    .cv-row { grid-template-columns: 80px 1fr; }
    .cv-tag { grid-column: 1 / -1; justify-self: start; margin-top: 4px; }
    .modal-inner { padding: 16px 24px 40px; }
    .modal-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
    .modal { box-shadow: 6px 6px 0 var(--accent); }
    .dtp-stage { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 8px; }
    .dtp-stage-num { font-size: 36px; }
    .dtp-cols { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 18px; }
    .dtp-head { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; }
    .dtp-meta { text-align: left; }
    .dtp-title { font-size: 24px; }
    .modal-figure-video { padding: 12px; }
    .modal-figure-video video { max-height: 520px; border-radius: 18px; }
  }

  @media (max-width: 500px) {
    .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .lede-body { font-size: 18px; }
    .work-title { font-size: 28px; }
    .exp-main h3 { font-size: 24px; }
  }

  /* ============================================
     MOBILE RESPONSIVE — comprehensive fix
     ============================================ */
  @media (max-width: 768px) {

    /* ---- Typography scale down ---- */
    h1, .masthead h1 { font-size: clamp(42px, 12vw, 72px); }
    .masthead-tagline { font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0.08em; }
    .section-title { font-size: clamp(24px, 7vw, 40px); }
    .work-title { font-size: clamp(20px, 5vw, 32px) !important; }
    .contact-title { font-size: clamp(24px, 7vw, 48px); }
    .lede-body p { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75; }

    /* ---- Container padding ---- */
    .container { padding: 0 16px; }

    /* ---- Top bar ---- */
    .topbar-inner {
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: flex-start;
      gap: 10px;
      padding: 12px 16px;
    }
    .topbar-right {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 8px 14px;
      font-size: 10px;
    }
    .topbar-right a { font-size: 10px; }

    /* ---- Masthead ---- */
    .masthead { padding: 32px 0 24px; }
    .masthead-meta { font-size: 9px; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; }

    /* ---- Lede ---- */
    .lede { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; padding: 28px 0; }
    .lede-meta { font-size: 12px; }
    .lede-body p { font-size: 15px; }
    .lede-stamp { display: none; }
    .dropcap { font-size: 52px; }

    /* ---- Works / Projects ---- */
    .works { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .work { border-right: none; padding: 24px 16px; }
    .work-visual { height: 220px !important; }
    .work.full-span {
      grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
      padding: 24px 16px !important;
      gap: 16px !important;
    }
    .work.full-span .work-visual {
      grid-column: 1 !important;
      grid-row: auto !important;
      height: 220px !important;
    }
    .work-desc { font-size: 14px; }
    .work-meta { font-size: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px; }

    /* ---- Ticker ---- */
    .ticker { font-size: 11px; padding: 10px 0; }

    /* ---- Experience ---- */
    .exp-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }
    .exp-when strong { font-size: 13px; }
    .exp-bullets li { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 10px; }
    .exp-tags { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; }

    /* ---- About ---- */
    .about-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; }
    .about-portrait { max-width: 100%; position: relative; top: 0; }
    .about-portrait img { border-radius: 4px; }
    .about-body p { font-size: 15px; }

    /* ---- Toolbox ---- */
    .toolbox-wrap { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr !important; gap: 12px; }
    .tool-chip { font-size: 11px; padding: 5px 10px; }

    /* ---- CV / Resume rows ---- */
    .cv-row { flex-direction: column; gap: 2px; }
    .cv-year { min-width: auto; font-size: 11px; }
    .cv-title { font-size: 13px; }

    /* ---- Resume section ---- */
    .resume-frame { height: 420px; }
    .resume-stats { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 12px; }
    .resume-stat-value { font-size: 16px; }
    .resume-btn { font-size: 11px; padding: 10px 16px; }

    /* ---- Contact ---- */
    .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; }
    .contact-pretitle { font-size: 11px; }
    .colophon { flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; font-size: 10px; }

    /* ---- Section head ---- */
    .section-head { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 24px; }
    .section-num { font-size: 11px; }
    .section-meta { font-size: 10px; }

    /* ---- News popup ---- */
    .news-body { padding: 24px 16px 28px; max-height: 80vh; overflow-y: auto; }
    .news-close { top: 12px; right: 12px; }
    .news-img { height: 140px; }

    /* ---- LinkedIn section ---- */
    div[style*="LI-profile-badge"] { transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left top; }
  }

  /* Extra small phones */
  @media (max-width: 400px) {
    h1, .masthead h1 { font-size: 36px; }
    .topbar-right { gap: 6px 10px; }
    .work-visual { height: 180px !important; }
    .toolbox-wrap { grid-template-columns: 1fr !important; }
  }

  /* ============ PROJECT BUBBLES ============ */
  .bubbles-wrap { padding-top: 0; }
  .bubble-toolbar {
    display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
    gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 36px;
  }
  .bubble-hint {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 17px; color: var(--ink-fade);
  }
  .bubble-filters { display: flex; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .bubble-chip {
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10.5px; letter-spacing: 0.16em; text-transform: uppercase;
    background: transparent; color: var(--ink); border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    border-radius: 999px; padding: 8px 14px; cursor: pointer;
    display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;
    transition: background .2s, color .2s, transform .2s;
  }
  .bubble-chip:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }
  .bubble-chip[aria-pressed="true"] { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }
  .bubble-chip-n {
    font-size: 9.5px; min-width: 18px; height: 18px; border-radius: 50%;
    display: inline-grid; place-items: center; background: var(--accent); color: var(--paper);
    letter-spacing: 0;
  }

  .bubble-field {
    display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 24px;
    justify-items: center; align-items: start; padding: 8px 0 12px;
  }
  .bubble {
    --size: 196px;
    background: none; border: none; color: var(--ink); cursor: pointer;
    display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center;
    gap: 6px; padding: 10px; font: inherit; max-width: 100%;
    animation: bubbleFloat 6s ease-in-out infinite;
    animation-delay: calc(var(--i) * -1.4s);
    transition: opacity .35s ease, filter .35s ease;
  }
  .bubble-orb {
    width: var(--size); height: var(--size); max-width: 100%;
    border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    display: grid; place-items: center; overflow: hidden; position: relative;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 var(--accent), 6px 6px 0 rgba(26,26,26,0.12);
    transition: transform .45s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), box-shadow .3s ease;
  }
  .bubble-orb::after {
    content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0; border-radius: 50%; pointer-events: none;
    background: radial-gradient(circle at 30% 25%, rgba(255,255,255,.55), transparent 42%);
  }
  .bubble-orb img { width: 68%; height: 68%; object-fit: contain; display: block; }
  .bubble-num {
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .25em; color: var(--accent);
  }
  .bubble-name {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 21px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em; font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .bubble-sub {
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 9.5px; letter-spacing: .15em;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ink-fade);
  }
  @media (hover: hover) {
    .bubble:hover .bubble-orb { transform: scale(1.06); box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px var(--accent), 8px 8px 0 rgba(26,26,26,0.14); }
    .bubble-field.has-open .bubble:not([aria-expanded="true"]):hover .bubble-orb { transform: scale(.94); }
  }
  .bubble:focus-visible .bubble-orb { transform: scale(1.06); box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px var(--accent), 8px 8px 0 rgba(26,26,26,0.14); }
  .bubble:focus-visible { outline: none; }
  .bubble:focus-visible .bubble-name { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--accent); }
  .bubble[aria-expanded="true"] { animation-play-state: paused; }
  .bubble[aria-expanded="true"] .bubble-orb {
    transform: scale(1.1); box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px var(--accent), 10px 10px 0 var(--ink);
  }
  .bubble-field.has-open .bubble:not([aria-expanded="true"]) .bubble-orb { transform: scale(.86); }
  .bubble.is-dim { opacity: .28; filter: grayscale(1); }
  .bubble.is-dim .bubble-orb { transform: scale(.8); }

  @keyframes bubbleFloat {
    0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); }
    50% { transform: translateY(-10px); }
  }

  /* Expanding detail panel: grows out of the chosen bubble */
  .bubble-panel {
    --ox: 50%;
    display: grid; grid-template-rows: 0fr; position: relative;
    transition: grid-template-rows .55s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1);
  }
  .bubble-panel.open { grid-template-rows: 1fr; }
  .bubble-panel-clip {
    overflow: hidden; min-height: 0;
    clip-path: circle(0% at var(--ox) 0);
    transition: clip-path .65s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1);
  }
  .bubble-panel.open .bubble-panel-clip { clip-path: circle(150% at var(--ox) 0); }
  .bubble-panel-inner { padding: 22px 12px 4px 0; }
  .bubble-panel.open::before {
    content: ''; position: absolute; top: 12px; left: var(--ox);
    width: 20px; height: 20px; background: var(--paper);
    border-left: 1px solid var(--ink); border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
    transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(45deg); z-index: 2;
    transition: left .45s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1);
  }
  .bubble-detail {
    position: relative; overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid var(--ink); background: var(--paper);
    box-shadow: 10px 10px 0 var(--accent);
    padding: 44px 48px 36px; margin-bottom: 24px;
  }
  .bubble-detail-num {
    position: absolute; right: 28px; top: -18px;
    font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 180px; line-height: 1; color: var(--accent); opacity: .1;
    pointer-events: none; font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .bubble-detail .work-title { font-size: 48px; max-width: 85%; }
  .bubble-detail .work-desc { font-size: 17px; max-width: 72ch; }
  .bubble-detail.swap-in { animation: bubbleSwap .45s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1); }
  @keyframes bubbleSwap { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }
  .bubble-detail-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 24px; }
  .bubble-cta, .bubble-close {
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 12px 18px; cursor: pointer; border: 1px solid var(--ink); transition: background .2s, color .2s, transform .2s;
  }
  .bubble-cta { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }
  .bubble-cta:hover { background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); transform: translateY(-2px); }
  .bubble-close { background: transparent; color: var(--ink); }
  .bubble-close:hover { background: var(--paper-2); }

  @media (max-width: 1000px) {
    .bubble-field { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); row-gap: 28px; }
    .bubble { --size: 176px; }
  }
  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .bubble-toolbar { margin-bottom: 24px; }
    .bubble-field { gap: 12px; row-gap: 20px; }
    .bubble { --size: 128px; padding: 4px; }
    .bubble-name { font-size: 17px; }
    .bubble-sub { font-size: 8.5px; letter-spacing: .1em; }
    .bubble-detail { padding: 28px 20px 24px; box-shadow: 6px 6px 0 var(--accent); }
    .bubble-detail .work-title { font-size: 30px !important; max-width: 100%; }
    .bubble-detail .work-desc { font-size: 15px; }
    .bubble-detail-num { font-size: 110px; right: 12px; top: -10px; }
  }
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .bubble { animation: none; }
    .bubble-orb, .bubble-panel, .bubble-panel-clip { transition: none; }
    .bubble-detail.swap-in { animation: none; }
  }

  /* ============ MULTI-PAGE ADDITIONS ============ */
  a.topbar-cat { color: var(--paper); text-decoration: none; }
  a.topbar-cat:hover { background: var(--accent); }
  .topbar-right a[aria-current="page"] {
    color: var(--accent);
    text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 6px; text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  }
  .topbar-menu {
    display: none;
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10.5px; letter-spacing: 0.18em; text-transform: uppercase;
    background: transparent; color: var(--ink); border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    padding: 6px 10px; cursor: pointer; align-items: center; gap: 8px;
  }
  .topbar-menu-icon { display: inline-block; width: 12px; height: 8px; position: relative;
    border-top: 1px solid currentColor; border-bottom: 1px solid currentColor; }
  .topbar-menu-icon::after { content: ''; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; top: 3px; border-top: 1px solid currentColor; }
  .topbar-menu[aria-expanded="true"] { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }
  .topbar-drawer { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); background: var(--paper); }
  .topbar-drawer[hidden] { display: none; }
  .topbar-drawer a {
    display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline;
    padding: 14px 24px; border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade);
    color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none;
    font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 22px; font-style: italic;
  }
  .topbar-drawer a span { font-family: var(--mono); font-style: normal; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0.2em; color: var(--ink-fade); }
  .topbar-drawer a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--accent); }

  .masthead-compact { padding: 22px 0 18px; }
  .masthead-home {
    display: block; text-align: center; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none;
    font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-weight: 500;
    font-size: clamp(40px, 6.5vw, 76px); line-height: 1; letter-spacing: -0.035em;
    padding: 18px 0 2px; font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
    transition: color .2s;
  }
  .masthead-home .amp { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 400; }
  .masthead-home:hover { color: var(--accent-2); }

  /* In This Issue (front page contents) */
  .issue-grid {
    display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); border-left: 1px solid var(--ink);
  }
  .issue-card {
    display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; min-height: 250px;
    padding: 28px 24px 24px; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none;
    border-right: 1px solid var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
    position: relative; transition: background .25s ease;
  }
  .issue-card:hover, .issue-card:focus-visible { background: var(--paper-2); outline: none; }
  .issue-num { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .25em; color: var(--accent); }
  .issue-title {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.02;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em; font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .issue-title em { font-style: italic; color: var(--accent); }
  .issue-desc { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--ink-soft); }
  .issue-go {
    margin-top: auto; padding-top: 14px; border-top: 1px dotted var(--ink-fade);
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10.5px; letter-spacing: .2em; text-transform: uppercase;
    display: flex; justify-content: space-between;
  }
  .issue-go .arrow { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 18px; line-height: 1; transition: transform .25s ease; }
  .issue-card:hover .issue-go .arrow { transform: translateX(6px); }

  /* Page turn: "continued on" links */
  .page-turn {
    display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 24px;
    margin-top: 72px; padding-top: 0;
  }
  .page-turn-link {
    display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; padding: 22px 0;
    border-top: 4px double var(--ink); color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none;
  }
  .page-turn-link.next { text-align: right; grid-column: 2; }
  .page-turn-label { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .25em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ink-fade); }
  .page-turn-title { font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.05; letter-spacing: -0.02em; transition: color .2s; }
  .page-turn-link:hover .page-turn-title { color: var(--accent); }

  @media (max-width: 1000px) {
    .issue-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  }
  @media (max-width: 900px) {
    .topbar-menu { display: inline-flex; flex-shrink: 0; }
    .topbar-right { display: none !important; }
    .topbar-inner { flex-direction: row !important; align-items: center !important; flex-wrap: nowrap !important; gap: 12px; }
    .topbar-left { gap: 16px; min-width: 0; white-space: nowrap; }
  }
  @media (min-width: 901px) {
    .topbar-drawer { display: none !important; }
  }
  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .topbar-est { display: none; }
    .issue-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .issue-card { min-height: 0; padding: 22px 18px; }
    .issue-title { font-size: 28px; }
    .page-turn { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; margin-top: 48px; }
    .page-turn-link.next { grid-column: 1; }
    .page-turn-title { font-size: 26px; }
    .masthead-compact .masthead-meta span:nth-child(3) { display: none; }
  }


  /* ============ BLACK & WHITE EDITION ============ */
  ::selection { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }

  /* Details on the black ticker and footer stay visible */
  .ticker-track .star { color: #9a9a9a; }
  .contact-pretitle { color: #b8b8b8; }
  .contact-title a { border-bottom-color: var(--paper); }
  .contact-title a:hover { color: #bdbdbd; }
  .contact-col-label { color: #a3a3a3; }
  .contact-col-value a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--paper); }
  .colophon { color: #a3a3a3; }

  /* Hovers that used to change to orange now underline or go gray */
  .topbar-right a:hover { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 6px; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
  .topbar-right a[aria-current="page"] { text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
  a.topbar-cat:hover { background: #444444; }
  .page-turn-link:hover .page-turn-title { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 5px; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
  .masthead-home:hover { color: #555555; }
  .modal-close:hover, .news-close:hover { background: #444444; }
  .bubble-cta:hover, .resume-btn.primary:hover { background: #444444; border-color: #444444; }
  .lede-meta a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--ink); }

  /* Newspaper photos: grayscale, color on hover */
  .portrait-img img,
  .bubble-orb img {
    filter: grayscale(1) contrast(1.05);
    transition: filter .45s ease;
  }
  .portrait-frame:hover .portrait-img img,
  .bubble:hover .bubble-orb img,
  .bubble:focus-visible .bubble-orb img,
  .bubble[aria-expanded="true"] .bubble-orb img { filter: none; }
  .bubble-orb::after { background: radial-gradient(circle at 30% 25%, rgba(255,255,255,.45), transparent 42%); }


  /* =====================================================
     NEWSPAPER EDITION
     ===================================================== */

  /* ---- Paper: vignette edges + a soft center fold ---- */
  body::after {
    content: '';
    position: fixed; inset: 0; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1;
    background:
      linear-gradient(90deg, transparent calc(50% - 36px), rgba(0,0,0,0.035) calc(50% - 1px), rgba(255,255,255,0.35) 50%, rgba(0,0,0,0.025) calc(50% + 1px), transparent calc(50% + 36px)),
      radial-gradient(ellipse at center, transparent 62%, rgba(0,0,0,0.07) 100%);
  }

  /* ---- Shared newspaper type ---- */
  .kicker {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-variant: small-caps; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: var(--ink-soft); margin-bottom: 6px;
  }
  .headline {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 700; font-style: normal;
    font-size: clamp(34px, 4.4vw, 58px); line-height: 1.02; letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144; margin: 0 0 12px;
  }
  .headline a, .teaser-head a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
  .headline a:hover, .teaser-head a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 6px; }
  .headline-md { font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 40px); }
  .deck {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.4;
    color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0 0 14px;
  }
  .byline {
    display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 16px;
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10.5px; letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink); padding: 7px 0; margin: 0 0 18px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
  }
  .byline span + span::before { content: '·'; margin-right: 16px; color: var(--ink-fade); }
  .story-cols {
    column-count: 2; column-gap: 30px; column-rule: 1px solid rgba(17,17,17,0.28);
    font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 1.58; color: var(--ink-soft);
    text-align: justify; hyphens: auto; -webkit-hyphens: auto;
  }
  .story-cols p { margin: 0 0 12px; }
  .story-cols p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
  .story-cols .dropcap {
    float: left; font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 62px; line-height: 0.82;
    padding: 6px 8px 0 0; color: var(--ink); font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .story-cols em { color: var(--ink); }
  .jump {
    margin: 14px 0 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 15px; text-align: right;
  }
  .jump a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); }
  .jump a:hover { border-bottom-width: 2px; }
  .side-label {
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10.5px; letter-spacing: 0.2em; text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 6px 0; margin-bottom: 4px; border-top: 3px double var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
  }

  /* ---- Nameplate (front page and inner pages) ---- */
  .np-masthead { padding: 22px 0 0; }
  .np-head {
    display: grid; grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr) 190px; gap: 24px; align-items: center;
    padding-bottom: 14px;
  }
  .np-center { text-align: center; min-width: 0; }
  .nameplate {
    display: block; margin: 0; font-family: var(--blackletter); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;
    font-size: clamp(40px, 7.2vw, 104px); line-height: 1.02; letter-spacing: 0; color: var(--ink);
    text-decoration: none; text-align: center;
  }
  .nameplate-sub {
    margin-top: 8px; font-family: var(--serif); font-variant: small-caps; font-size: 16px;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em; color: var(--ink-soft); text-align: center;
  }
  .ear {
    border: 1px solid var(--ink); padding: 10px 12px; align-self: center; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);
  }
  .ear-title {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: 700; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); padding-bottom: 4px; margin-bottom: 6px; text-align: center;
  }
  .ear-body { font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4; text-align: center; }
  .ear-index { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 14px; }
  .ear-index li { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 6px; padding: 1px 0; }
  .ear-index li::after { content: none; }
  .ear-index a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
  .ear-index a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
  .ear-index span { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 11px; }
  .folio {
    display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap;
    border-top: 3px double var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); padding: 7px 0;
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10.5px; letter-spacing: 0.16em; text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  .masthead-compact .nameplate-sm { font-size: clamp(34px, 5vw, 64px); padding-top: 14px; }
  .masthead-compact .nameplate-sub { font-size: 14px; margin-top: 4px; }

  /* ---- A1: lead story + sidebar ---- */
  .a1 {
    display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 2.15fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); margin-top: 28px;
  }
  .lead { padding: 0 32px 32px 0; border-right: 1px solid var(--ink); }
  .lead-fig { margin: 0 0 18px; }
  .lead-fig .halftone { border: 1px solid var(--ink); aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; }
  .lead-fig img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
  .lead-fig figcaption, .np-quote figcaption {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.45; color: var(--ink-soft);
    margin-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(17,17,17,0.3);
  }
  .a1-side { padding: 0 0 24px 28px; min-width: 0; }
  .teaser { padding: 16px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); }
  .teaser:last-of-type { border-bottom: none; }
  .teaser-img { display: block; height: 150px; margin-bottom: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--ink); }
  .teaser-img img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: center top; display: block; }
  .teaser-head {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 23px; line-height: 1.1; letter-spacing: -0.015em;
    margin: 0 0 8px; font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .teaser p { margin: 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--ink-soft); text-align: justify; hyphens: auto; -webkit-hyphens: auto; }
  .teaser p.jump { margin-top: 8px; text-align: right; }
  .np-quote { margin: 16px 0 0; }
  .np-quote blockquote {
    margin: 12px 0 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.35;
    color: var(--ink); text-align: left;
  }

  /* ---- Editor's note ---- */
  .editor { padding: 40px 0 8px; }
  .editor-head { text-align: center; max-width: 760px; margin: 0 auto 22px; }
  .editor-head .byline { justify-content: center; }
  .editor-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr) 230px; gap: 36px; align-items: start; }
  .editor-grid .lede-stamp { transform: rotate(2deg); }

  /* ---- Classifieds ---- */
  .classifieds-wrap { padding-top: 24px; }
  .classifieds { column-count: 4; column-gap: 18px; column-rule: 1px solid var(--ink); }
  .ad {
    break-inside: avoid; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; display: inline-block; width: 100%;
    border: 1px solid var(--ink); padding: 10px 12px; margin: 0 0 16px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);
  }
  .ad-featured { border: 3px double var(--ink); }
  .ad-head {
    font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 500; font-size: 11.5px; letter-spacing: 0.18em; text-transform: uppercase;
    text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); padding-bottom: 5px; margin-bottom: 7px;
  }
  .ad p { margin: 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 14.5px; line-height: 1.45; text-align: justify; hyphens: auto; -webkit-hyphens: auto; }
  .ad a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 2px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }

  /* ---- Project stories (bubble panel) ---- */
  .story-sub {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-variant: small-caps; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    color: var(--ink-soft); margin-bottom: 4px;
  }
  .story-headline {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: clamp(30px, 3.6vw, 48px); line-height: 1.04;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em; margin: 0 0 14px; max-width: 85%; font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
  }
  .bubble-detail .byline { max-width: 72ch; }
  .bubble-detail .work-desc { text-align: justify; hyphens: auto; -webkit-hyphens: auto; }

  /* ---- Columns in long text ---- */
  .about-columns { column-count: 2; column-gap: 32px; column-rule: 1px solid rgba(17,17,17,0.28); }
  .about-columns h3 { break-after: avoid; -webkit-column-break-after: avoid; margin-top: 0; }
  .about-columns p { text-align: justify; hyphens: auto; -webkit-hyphens: auto; }
  .about-columns .pullquote { break-inside: avoid; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; }
  .modal-prose { column-count: 2; column-gap: 32px; column-rule: 1px solid rgba(17,17,17,0.28); }
  .modal-prose p, .dtp-stage-body p, .exp-bullets li, .letter-quote { text-align: justify; hyphens: auto; -webkit-hyphens: auto; }

  /* ---- Small caps for labels ---- */
  .exp-org, .portrait-caption { font-variant: small-caps; letter-spacing: 0.06em; }

  /* ---- Halftone photos (dot screen; back to normal on hover) ---- */
  .halftone { position: relative; display: block; overflow: hidden; }
  .halftone img { filter: grayscale(1) contrast(1.25) brightness(1.05); transition: filter 0.4s ease; }
  .halftone::after {
    content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0; pointer-events: none;
    background-image: radial-gradient(circle at center, transparent 0.8px, rgba(246,246,244,0.62) 1.6px);
    background-size: 4px 4px; transition: opacity 0.4s ease;
  }
  @media (hover: hover) {
    .halftone:hover img, .portrait-frame:hover .halftone img { filter: none; }
    .halftone:hover::after, .portrait-frame:hover .halftone::after { opacity: 0; }
  }
  /* On touch screens, keep case study screenshots fully readable */
  @media (hover: none) {
    .modal-figure .halftone img { filter: none; }
    .modal-figure .halftone::after { display: none; }
  }
  .modal-figure .halftone { border: 1px solid var(--ink); }
  .modal-figure .halftone img { border: none; display: block; }

  /* ---- Page-turn jump lines ---- */
  .page-turn-label { font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.02em; text-transform: none; color: var(--ink-soft); }

  /* ---- Responsive ---- */
  @media (max-width: 1100px) {
    .classifieds { column-count: 3; }
    .editor-grid { grid-template-columns: 200px minmax(0, 1fr); }
    .editor-grid .lede-stamp { display: none; }
  }
  @media (max-width: 900px) {
    body::after { background: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, transparent 62%, rgba(0,0,0,0.06) 100%); }
    .np-head { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .ear { display: none; }
    .a1 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .lead { padding: 0 0 24px; border-right: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); }
    .a1-side { padding: 8px 0 16px; }
    .editor-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; }
    .classifieds { column-count: 2; }
    .modal-prose { column-count: 1; }
    .story-headline { max-width: 100%; }
  }
  @media (max-width: 640px) {
    .story-cols, .about-columns { column-count: 1; }
    .classifieds { column-count: 1; }
    .folio { justify-content: center; text-align: center; font-size: 9.5px; letter-spacing: 0.1em; }
    .folio span:last-child { display: none; }
    .nameplate { font-size: clamp(34px, 11vw, 56px); }
    .nameplate-sub { font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0.05em; }
    .masthead-compact .nameplate-sm { font-size: clamp(28px, 9vw, 44px); }
    .deck { font-size: 18px; }
    .teaser-img { height: 180px; }
    .np-quote blockquote { font-size: 18px; }
  }